IUCN Red List assessors noted that it should be listed as Near Threatened, but the data were not sufficient to extend this classification throughout the jaguarundi's range. [34] Population densities are typically low, around 0.01 to 0.05/km2 (0.026 to 0.129/sq mi) in Brazil, though Tamaulipas (Mexico) and the Llanos in Costa Rica and Venezuela have recorded figures as high as 0.2/km2 (0.52/sq mi). Mating occurs throughout the year, with peaks at different times of the year across the range. The state list deals only with the status of the species within Texas. [32][8][33][37] A study showed jaguarundis take 400 g (14 oz) vertebrate prey on an average everyday. [33] Jaguarundis are efficient climbers as well, but hunt mainly on ground; the coat color works as a good camouflage for terrestrial activity. Jaguarundis tend to stay close to a source of running water. The jaguarundi is an efficient climber, but typically prefers hunting on ground. Content of this site copyright Texas Parks and Wildlife Department unless otherwise noted. W. T. Neill noted that jaguarundis occurred throughout peninsular Florida in the 1950s, but the numbers had plummeted by the late 1970s. Vegetation such as grasses have also been recorded in their diet. In open habitats the jaguarundi prefers areas with vegetative cover such as cacti, which would generally be difficult for potential predators to penetrate; there may be a few clearings at the periphery of such areas. [32] Predators recorded for jaguarundis include boa constrictors, cougars and domestic dogs. The jaguarundi is a medium-sized cat of slender build. The original North American cougars were extirpated during the Pleistocene extinctions around 10,000 years ago; North America was then recolonized by South American cougars and jaguarundis 10,000–8,000 years ago. After a gestation period of 70 to 75 days, a litter of one to four kittens is born. Estrus lasts three to five days, marked by the female regularly rolling onto her back and spraying urine. The Jaguarundi is a small wild cat found in Central and South America. The varying geography of Texas, the second largest state, provides a large variety of habitats for mammals. There are no subspecies of jaguars. [28], The coat is uniformly colored with at most a few faint markings on the face and the belly, though kittens are spotted for a short duration. Jaguarundis will also take larger prey such as domestic poultry, fish, marmosets, rabbits and opossums; a study recorded small deer (possibly carrion) in the diet. [42], The occurrence of the jaguarundi in Florida has remained in doubt for decades, where they have been reported since 1907. For environmental review requests visit TPWD's Wildlife Habitat Assessment Program. In Texas, animal or plant species of conservation concern may be listed as threatened or endangered under the authority of state law and/or under the U.S. Mexican populations, except those in the northeast, appear to be stable. [1] The North and Central American jaguarundi populations are listed in CITES Appendix I and all the other populations are listed in CITES Appendix II. Species may be listed as state threatened or endangered and not federally listed. The jaguarundi has a broad vocal repertoire; 13 different calls have been recorded including chattering, purring, screaming, a 'wah-wah' call, whistling, yapping and a peculiar bird-like chirp. The jaguars are unique among big cat species in that all across their 6-million sq. It is around twice as large as a domestic cat, reaching nearly 36 cm (14 in) at the shoulder, and weighs 3.5–7 kg (7.7–15.4 lb). This poses unique challenges for the conservation of jaguars. It is fairly common in Brazil, Peru and Venezuela, but may have been extirpated in the US. [1][37] Unlike the sympatric margay, ocelot and oncilla, the jaguarundi can live in open areas as well. It has an elongated body, with relatively short legs, a small, narrow head, small, round ears, a short snout, and a long tail, resembling mustelids in these respects. Sexually mature males will pursue the female, not reacting to any aggressive behavior from her side. [18], The jaguarundi is most closely related to the cougar; the jaguarundi-cougar clade is sister to the cheetah. The jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi; / ˌ ʒ æ ɡ w ə ˈ r ʌ n d i /) is a wild cat native to the Americas. The jaguarundi inhabits a broad array of closed as well as open habitats ranging from tropical rainforests and deciduous forests to deserts and thorn scrubs. Its range extends from central Argentina in the south to the US–Mexico border in the north, through Central and South America east of the Andes. Melanistic individuals have been reported, but the coat is not completely black; the head and the throat are clearly paler than the rest of the body. Jaguarundi . [37] Populations in the US are protected under the Endangered Species Act;[2] the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department has expressed concern that its presence in South Texas may be imperiled due to loss of the cat's native habitat. One out of four of the world’s mammals and over 40 percent of amphibians are threatened with extinction due to human activity, including habitat destruction, overexploitation, climate change, and … [43] The last confirmed sighting in the US was probably of a roadkilled individual near Brownsville (Texas) in 1986. A federal listing means a species is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range which may encompass several other states or nations. There are 38 species of cats in this family. In Texas, animal or plant species of conservation concern may be listed as threatened or endangered under the authority of state law and/or under the U.S. [32][35] Males are slightly larger than females. [32][34], The jaguarundi inhabits a wide variety of habitats — from tropical rainforests and deciduous forests to deserts and thorn scrubs. | See temporary closures and business changes, Texas Farm and Ranch Land Conservation Program, contact Meredith Longoria for more information. [46] Hunting jaguarundi is restricted in Peru and banned in Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Suriname, Uruguay, the US and Venezuela. concolor). Its range extends from central Argentina in the south to the US–Mexico border in the north, through Central and South America east of the Andes.The jaguarundi is a medium-sized cat of slender build. Its range, however, includes the southern parts of the continent starting from southern Texas and extends as far south as northern Argentina in South America. [1] The jaguarundi is not particularly sought after for its fur due to its poor quality and low value, but is suffering decline due to habitat loss. Jaguarundis were also reported in the coastal area of Alabama in the 1980s, which may be evidence of the Florida population migrating northward. [8][39] The cat appears to be more diurnal than most other cats, especially spotted cats that tend to be more active at night. [34][35] Other threats include risks of habitat fragmentation and persecution for killing poultry. Around twice as large as the domestic cat, the jaguarundi reaches nearly 36 cm (14 in) at the shoulder and weighs 3.5–7 kg (7.7–15.4 lb), though larger individuals weighing around 9 kg (20 lb) have been reported. [31], The jaguarundi is a medium-sized cat of slender build and uniform coloration that differs significantly from other neotropical cats — such as the small, spotted cats in the genus Leopardus — in its external appearance. [38] There have been only a few radio telemetry studies of jaguarundis in Belize, Brazil and Mexico. Wildscreen's Arkive project was launched in 2003 and grew to become the world's biggest encyclopaedia of life on Earth. In captivity, females in estrus have been observed making faint sounds as they scent mark the area around their enclosures. The Jagaurundi inhabits most of northern South America and Central America, but also ranges through Mexico and into some portions of southern Texas. With the help of over 7,000 of the world’s best wildlife filmmakers and photographers, conservationists and scientists, Arkive.org featured multi-media fact-files for more than 16,000 endangered species. [33], The jaguarundi is shy and reclusive, and apparently very cautious of traps. [1], "On new mammals from Western Mexico and Lower California", "La fauna de la República Argentina (The fauna of the Argentine Republic)", "Two new cats of the eyra group from North America", "Mammals from southern Mexico and Central and South America", "Notice sur la classification multisériale des carnivores, spécialement des Félidés, et les études de zoologie générale qui s'y rattachent", "Population genetics and phylogeographic analyses of the jaguarundi (, "A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group", "Phylogeny and evolution of cats (Felidae)", "Phylogenetic reconstruction of the Felidae using 16S rRNA and NADH-5 mitochondrial genes", "The Late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment", "The difference between trivial and scientific names: there were never any true cheetahs in North America", "Movement patterns and food habits of four sympatric carnivore species in Belize, South America", "Adaptability of the threatened jaguarundi (, "South Texas wildlife management: Endangered species", "Mammals in the Mexican Official Norm NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaguarundi&oldid=1003468490, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana with a Wikisource reference, Taxonbars without secondary Wikidata taxon IDs, Taxonbars with automatically added original combinations, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 29 January 2021, at 03:09. Inquiries about species can be sent to the appropriate Nongame and Rare Species Program biologist. Some 142 species of animals, including some that today are extremely rare, are found in Texas. While their acknowledged natural range ends in southern Texas, a small breeding population was introduced to Florida in the 1940’s, and there are rumors of people breeding them as pets there as well. [32][8], The jaguarundi typically feed on small-sized prey weighing less than 1 kg (2.2 lb), including ground-feeding birds, reptiles, rodents and small mammals. Its coloration is uniform with two color morphs, gray and red. It can also be found in cloud forests, mangroves and savannas. Manage My Subscriptions, archive  We are in the process of updating this webpage to reflect the current Federal and State Listed Species in Texas. Its coat ranges from brown to chestnut-red in color, and is unmarked. [5][6], In 1803 Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire described two jaguarundi skins and skulls from unknown locations in Central America and proposed the scientific name Felis yagouarundi. Email subscriber privacy policy Jaguarundis are occasionally seen as far north as Texas. Lifespan of up to 15 years has been recorded in captivity. It is slightly larger than a domestic cat. The species has short, rounded ears and a long body and tail. [2] Phylogeographical analysis of jaguarundi samples from across its range found no genetic evidence for subspecies. The jaguarundi is fairly common in Brazil, Peru and Venezuela. As in many other felids, the male bites the fur on the female's neck on mounting; the female lets out a loud scream on penetration. The Earth is currently experiencing its sixth major animal extinction event. [28][40], Marking behavior could serve as a means of olfactory or visual communication among jaguarundis; individuals in captivity have been observed scraping areas with their hind feet (sometimes with urination), clawing on logs, rubbing objects with their heads and leaving feces uncovered. Jaguarundi- Did you know there’s another wildcat that tramps on US soil other than the Canadian Lynx and the Bobcat? 4. They vary in size from the domestic cat to the lion. The cat prefers lowland brush habitats that are located close to flowing watercourses. This was possibly followed by the bifurcation of the lineage into the cougar and Herpailurus (represented by H. pumoides) in South America around 4 to 3 million years ago between the Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene. [8], Studies have mostly observed jaguarundis alone or in pairs; pairs could probably be formed between mothers and older kittens or between individuals of opposite sexes during the mating season. Candidate species are those organisms the U.S. [33] Parasites such as hookworms (Ancylostoma species), tapeworms (such as Spirometra and Toxocara species) and the lung fluke have been found in jaguarundis. [1], The range extends from central Argentina in the south to the US–Mexico border in the north, through Central and South America east of the Andes — second only to the cougar in the latitudinal extent of its distribution. [32] In fact, the jaguarundi shows several features seen in mustelids such as otters and weasels — it has an elongated body with relatively short legs, a small, narrow head, small, round ears, a short snout and a long tail. Individuals in captivity have been found to be more gregarious. Kittens are capable of taking solid food like birds and guinea pigs at around six weeks. Secretive and alert, the jaguarundi is typically solitary or forms pairs in the wild, though captive individuals are more gregarious. [26][27], The Puma lineage appears to have migrated from Asia to North America after crossing the Bering Strait, arriving in South America via the Isthmus of Panama by Late Pliocene or Early Pleistocene. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) has sufficient information on to propose as endangered or threatened under the ESA but development of a proposed listing regulation is precluded by other higher priority listing activities. any personal information to the agency. Species may be listed as state threatened or endangered and not federally listed. The state list deals only with the status of the species within Texas. They stalk, chase, and pounce on their prey. [34][32] The jaguarundi can swim across medium-sized rivers; an individual in Bolivia was recorded swimming across the Tuichi River. Children under 13 years of age must have a parent/guardian's consent before providing Social behavior such as grooming, growling and sniffing has been recorded. [19], The three species of the Puma lineage may have had a common ancestor during the Miocene, about 8.25 million years ago. [20] These three species comprise the Puma lineage, one of the eight lineages of Felidae; the Puma lineage diverged from the rest 6.7 million years ago. They were allegedly introduced in the region by a writer from Chiefland who at some point imported the animals from their native habitat and released them near his hometown and in other locations across the state. [7] In the 19th and 20th centuries, several more zoological specimens were described:[8], The generic name Herpailurus was proposed by Nikolai Severtzov in 1858 for the jaguarundi. Endangered Species Act (ESA). The kittens are covered well with fur and the underside is marked with spots, which disappear as they age; the coat color gradually changes as the kittens grow older. Federally Listed, State Listed, and Candidate Species in Texas, Overview of Species Pending Federal Review in Texas. More than 540 species of birds — about three fourths of all different species found in the United States — have been identified in Texas. Fish & Wildlife Service Environmental Conservation Online System. Classification: Mountain lions are carnivores classified within the Family Felidae. [28], Among felids, the jaguarundi is closely similar to the flat-headed cat (Prionailurus planiceps), but has a longer body and proportionately longer legs, is heavier and lacks the dark markings on the cheeks of the flat-headed cat. Currently, the nearest breeding range of mountain lions is located in northwestern Nebraska, approximately 900 miles from Kentucky. The Herpailurus yagouaroundi is also a wild cat found in North America. [32][35][41] The jaguarundi is noted for its resistance to environmental disturbances in its habitat; it can thrive in reforested areas. Please visit the following pages to find the information you seek, or contact Meredith Longoria for more information. Species in this family are found in all areas of the world, except for Australia and Antarctica. H. pumoides went extinct around Middle Pleistocene, around the time the modern jaguarundi came into existence; the oldest fossils of the modern jaguarundi date back to the Late Pleistocene in Brazil around 0.5 million years ago. [21][22] Acinonyx possibly diverged from the lineage in the Americas;[23][24][25] some authors alternatively suggest that the cheetah diverged in the Old World. Lifespan up to 15 years has been recorded in captivity. account_circle  [28][29][30] The extinct North American genus Miracinonyx is another member of this clade. List since 2002 ] [ 35 ] Males are slightly larger than females Males are slightly larger females... And Venezuela [ 33 ], the jaguarundi is a medium-sized jaguarundi texas range of slender build classification mountain... Today are extremely rare, are found in Texas yagouaroundi is also a wild cat found all. 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