The assassination of the investigator, Giovanni Falcone, took place on a highway near Palermo in the Mafia heartland. [36], U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Giovanni Falcone, Paolo Borsellino and the Procura of Palermo, Reversible Destiny: Mafia, Antimafia, and the Struggle for Palermo, "338 GUILTY IN SICILY IN A MAFIA TRIAL; 19 GET LIFE TERMS", Addaura, nuova verità sull'attentato a Falcone, "24 Top Mafia Figures Get Life Sentences in Sicily", Sicilian mafia killer's days out of jail provoke fury, "American mafia 'sent explosives expert' to help Sicilian mob assassinate crusading investigator", Cosa Nostra. Votes: 311 After a long and distinguished career, culminating in the Maxi Trial in 1986–1987, on 23 May 1992, Falcone was assassinated by the Corleonesi Mafia in the Capaci bombing, on the A29 motorway near the town of Capaci. In una sua famosa intervista, Giovanni Falcone aveva dichiarato "La mafia non è affatto invincibile. A law to create a new offence of Mafia conspiracy, and confiscate Mafia assets was introduced by Pio La Torre but it had been stalled in parliament for two years, La Torre was murdered 30 April 1982. His father, Arturo Falcone, the director of a provincial chemical laboratory, was married to Luisa Bentivegna. This murder sparked outrage, and eventually the Assassins were arrested and convicted. Falcone led the prosecution for the trial, which began 10 February 1986, and ended on 16 December 1987. Pim Fortuyn: 2002: 6 May. Giovanni Falcone was killed on May 23, 1992, on the orders of Mafia Boss, Salvatore “Totò” Riina. As boys, Falcone and Borsellino, who were born in the same neighbourhood, played soccer together on the Piazza Magione. [6], After a classical education, Falcone studied law at the University of Palermo following a brief period of study at Livorno's naval academy. Falcone became so frustrated that he spoke of resigning. The Martelli decree led to the immediate re-arrest of the Mafia bosses. In Italian with English subtitles. Giovanni Falcone, his wife Francesca Morvillo and body guards Rocco Dicillo, Antonio Montinaro and Vito Schifani were killed in the blast. [18], When Falcone's record of success and high-profile led to resentment from some quarters, he was not given the job he coveted as chief prosecutor in Palermo. Their different political leanings did not thwart their friendship. His assertion that the Mafia was not a collection of separate gangs but a single organisation led some magistrates and detectives to question his credibility. When Don Salvatore was sent up for life in 1993 for the 1992 assassination of Prosecutor Giovanni Falcone, Don Bernardo became Godfather and immediately established his position with a number of high-profile bombings including that of the Uffizi Art Gallery. In May 1986, he married his fiancée, Francesca Morvillo; Falcone had Mayor Leoluca Orlando himself conduct the private ceremony. of explosives were placed in a culvert under the highway between Palermo International Airport and the city of Palermo, near the town of Capaci. Parliament declared a day of mourning. The inquiries extended to Turkey, an important stopover on the route of morphine base; to Switzerland, where bank secrecy laws facilitated money laundering; and to Naples where cigarette smuggling rings were being reconfigured as heroin operations. The transfer was initially seen as a capitulation by Falcone, but he himself thought of it as a tactical move to better fight the Mafia. It is a defeat for everyone working for a … Riina reportedly threw a party, toasting Falcone's death with champagne, according to the pentito Salvatore Cancemi. While Falcone drifted away from his parents' middle-class conservative Catholicism towards communism, Borsellino was religious and conservative; in his youth he had been a member of the Fronte Universitario d'Azione Nazionale [it] (FUAN), a right-wing university organisation affiliated with the neo-fascist Movimento Sociale Italiano. [7] A colleague was astonished to discover that Falcone, who had no computers at his disposal, was personally recording the details listed on printouts of transactions that he had requisitioned from every bank in Palermo province. The murder of a State Official was a step too far and a terrible strategic mistake on the part of the Mafia. The assassination of Anti-Mafia Prosecutor Giovanni Falcone in Palermo on May 23 1992 was a turning point in the war againt the Sicilian Mafia. Falcone privately thought it odd that Andreotti, who he had never spoken to, would suddenly contact him, and he mused about the significance of the incident to a friend. [33], Reports in May 2019 indicated that a Cosa Nostra insider revealed that John Gotti of the Gambino crime family had sent one of their explosives experts to Sicily to work with the Corleonesi Mafia clan to help plan the bombing that would kill Falcone. At school Falcone would get into fights with larger children if he thought his friends were being picked on. Giovanni Brusca, Mafia killing. Agostino and his wife were killed on 5 August 1989 outside their home, and Piazza on 15 March 1990. Judge Cesare Terranova, a former parliamentary deputy and Antimafia reformer who had been the main prosecutor of the Mafia in the 1960s, was to have headed this office, but he was killed on 25 September 1979. He achieved a genuine revolution in the judiciary. At the time, he was meeting Swiss prosecutors Carla Del Ponte and Claudio Lehman from Lugano who were helping to investigate the Mafia's financial holdings in Switzerland. [19], On 20 June 1989, a sack filled with dynamite sticks was discovered near a beach house Falcone had rented in the town of Addaura by policeman Nino Agostino. On May 23 1992, magistrate Giovanni Falcone, his wife Francesca Morvillo and three of his bodyguards, Vito Schifano, Rocco Dicillo and Antonino Montinaro, were killed by the Mafia in a massive explosion that blew up the highway A29 Palermo-Punta Raisi, in proximity to the exit of Capaci. Giovanni Falcone was an Italian anti-mafia prosecutor and magistrate killed, along with his wife and bodyguards, on the A29 motorway, near Capaci, on the orders of the Corleonesi Mafia, using a remote control bomb triggered by Giovanni Brusca who is serving multiple life sentences in jail. The explosion was so powerful that it registered on local earthquake monitors. Following this assassination attempt, Falcone remarked to a colleague, “My life is mapped out: it is my destiny to take a bullet by the Mafia some day. Following Chinnici's murder in July 1983, Antonino Caponnetto headed the pool. Giovanni Brusca was tasked with killing Falcone. [7], The Antimafia pool laid the groundwork for the Maxi Trial against the Sicilian Mafia at the preliminary investigative phase. Italian Mafia Hunter Giovanni Falcone Assassination Site & Memorial Capaci , Italy (IT) Falcone was killed with his wife Francesca Morvillo and three policemen: Rocco Di Cillo, Antonio Montinaro, and Vito Schifani, near Capaci on the motorway between Palermo International Airport and the city of … [7] To the surprise of many, Falcone's move to Rome was very successful. The Government simply could not be seen as failing to exert control, and as such, its hand to move against the Mafia more vigorously was forced by the Mafia’s decision to assassinate Falcone. The following year he killed a man during an argument and served six years in prison for manslaughter. More importantly, the Mafia’s last ditch effort to coerce the Italian State by intimidating the public after the Maxi Trial convictions was an ill-fated gamble because it forced the Italian State to come down even heavier on the Mafia due to the massive public outcry caused by the Falcone assassination as well as the Italian State’s own need to prove that it was in control of the Italian State and not the Mafia. Chinnici appointed Falcone to investigate the case, one of the biggest Antimafia operations in more than a decade. It followed the killing of a … [3][5] Falcone's parents emphasised the importance of hard work, bravery and patriotism; he later said they 'expected the maximum' from him. In a blow to the Mafia, the Maxi Trial convictions were upheld by the Supreme Court in January 1992. They were also named as heroes of the last 60 years in the 13 November 2006 issue of Time Magazine. The assassination … Jan 16, 2020 - The assassination of Giovane Falcone and Paolo Borsellino after the Maxi Trial, and the downfall of the Sicilian Mafia under Salvatore Riina Sicilian Boss, Salvatore Riina viewed Falcone’s triumph as ‘Humiliation’ and ordered a hit. [28] 400 kilograms (881 lbs.) This two-part miniseries tells the true story of famed Italian anti-Mafia judge Giovanni Falcone, from his initial investigations into the gangs of Sicily and New York to his assassination in May, 1992. Along with Falcone, the group included Paolo Borsellino, Giuseppe Di Lell [it] and Leonardo Guarnotta [it]. Giovanni Falcone, his wife Francesca Morvillo and police officers Rocco Dicillo, Antonio Montinaro and Vito Schifani were killed in the blast. Giovanni Falcone (Italian: [dʒoˈvanni falˈkoːne]; 18 May 1939 – 23 May 1992) was an Italian[1][2] judge and prosecuting magistrate. The new incumbent did not accept that the hierarchical Mafia structure revealed by the Maxi Trial actually existed, and he attempted to force Falcone to work on cases of wife beating and car theft. A tall red monument stands in memory of Giovanni Falcone, his wife Francesca Morvillo and three bodyguards, who were killed by a 500-kilogram bomb attack against their motorcade on May 23, 1992. He was one of Riina's associates, who admitted to being the one who detonated the explosives. From 1980 to 1993, the story of the pool antimafia, guided by Rocco Chinnici with judges Paolo Borsellino and Giovanni Falcone in a desperate and unfortunate war against the mafia. The only thing I don’t know is when.” That day came not long after the Maxi Trial convictions were upheld by the … Giovanni Falcone (18 May 1939-23 May 1992) was an Italian judge and prosecuting magistrate. 23/05/2019 ... and we recognise that Judge Giovanni Falcone was a pioneer, with his activity and ideas, in developing the crucial strategic dimension of international judicial cooperation. During 1988 Falcone collaborated with Rudolph Giuliani, at the time U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York, in operations against the Gambino and Inzerillo families. Giovanne Falcone and Paolo Borsellino Following the assassinations, a leading academic expert on the mafia had said: “The assassination is not a challenge to the State. Informant says American helped Cosa Nostra assassinate Giovanni Falcone in 1992 The anti-mafia investigator Giovanni Falcone, right, was murdered by the mafia in 1992. The death of Carlo Gambino had sparked tension in the Gambino Family leading to the assassination of Gambino’s appointed successor, Paul Castellano by John Gotti who then took control of the Family. His life parallels that of his close friend Paolo Borsellino. Falcone and Borsellino met again at Palermo University. Giovanni Falcone’s work both in Sicily and outside of Sicily began to severely frustrate the mob. A history of the Sicilian Mafia, Excellent Cadavers: The Mafia and the Death of the First Italian Republic, Giovanni and Francesca Falcone Foundation, Grand Hotel des Palmes Mafia meeting 1957, Sicilian brigandage and rebels (20th century), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Falcone&oldid=1005166285, Articles with Italian-language sources (it), Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from May 2020, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. However, neither ever joined a political party, and although the ideologies of their political movements were diametrically opposed, they shared a history of opposing the Mafia. In 1992, Brusca took part in the assassination of Giovanni Falcone, a prosecutor known for convicting Mafia members. It was now clear exactly how far the Mafia was willing to go to preserve its position. [30], Thousands gathered at the Church of Saint Dominic for the funerals which were broadcast live on national TV. Of the 475 defendants—both those present and those tried in absentia—338 were convicted. [15], Falcone's responsibilities as a magistrate put tremendous strain on his personal life. Falcone believed that the assassination attempt not only involved the Mafia but some people in government as well. [31], In the major crackdown against the Mafia following Falcone and Borsellino's deaths, Riina was arrested on 15 January 1993, and was serving a life sentence, until his death in 2017, for sanctioning the murders of both magistrates as well as many other crimes. [24] Later investigations into the murders of two police officers, Antonino Agostino and Emanuele Piazza, who worked for the secret service, revealed that they had secretly defused the bombs that had been placed by a Mafia commando aided by other secret service men. Although Falcone had been threatened before, this failed attempt bothered him in the extreme because it had all the signs of an inside job. [26] Next was his move to prevent Carnevale from reviewing the sentence of the Maxi Trial. They both spent their early years in the same neighbourhood in Palermo. Both had classmates who ended up as mafiosi. Meanwhile in the Mafia’s American base, events unfolding in New York would spell the end of the ‘old days’ for the Mob. Schneider, Jane T. & Peter T. Schneider (2003). [34], Palermo International Airport has been named Falcone-Borsellino Airport in honor of the two judges and hosts a memorial of the pair by the local sculptor Tommaso Geraci. He was assigned to the prosecutor's office in Trapani and Marsala, and then in 1978 to the bankruptcy court in Palermo. However, not long after arriving, on 3 September 1982, the General was gunned down in the city centre, his young wife by his side. [3][6], Graduating in 1961, Falcone began to practice law before being appointed a judge in 1964. Biography Giovanni Falcone (18 May 1939 – 23 May 1992) was an Italian[1][2] judge and prosecuting magistrate. XXVII anniversary of the assassination of Giovanni Falcone, Palermo, Italy. In short, things were never the same again for the Mob in Sicily after the assassination of Falcone. On 23 May 1992, a bomb planted on the Parlemo Highway used by Falcone to travel to his home from the Airport exploded killing Falcone and his entourage. Giovanni Brusca later claimed that 'boss of bosses' Salvatore Riina had told him that after the assassination of Falcone [13], He learned that the chemists of the French Connection had moved clandestine labs for refining heroin from Marseilles to Sicily. [7] At the end of 1981, he finalised the Spatola case for trial, which enabled the prosecution to win 74 convictions, based on Falcone's “web of solid evidence, bank and travel records, seized heroin shipments, fingerprint and handwriting analyses, wiretapped conversations and firsthand testimony” that proved that “Sicily had replaced France as the principal gateway for refining and exporting heroin to the United States”. Sicilians rose up in outrage. [26], While in Rome he started to restructure the Italian prosecution system, creating district offices to fight the Mafia and a national office to fight organised crime. [22][25], Exhausted and frustrated by the antagonism in Palermo, Falcone accepted a post in the Ministry of Justice in Rome offered to him by Claudio Martelli, the new minister of Justice in a new government of Giulio Andreotti in March 1991. The Falcone affair essentially forced the Italian State and all other Countries plagued by Organised Crime to confront the issue more directly. Falcone was posthumously awarded the Train Foundation's Civil Courage Prize, which recognises "extraordinary heroes of conscience". Photograph: Associated Press In May 1982, the Italian government sent Carlo Alberto Dalla Chiesa, a general of the Italian Carabinieri, to Sicily with orders to crush the Mafia. From his office in the Palace of Justice in Palermo, Sicily, he spent most of his professional life trying to overthrow the power of the Sicilian Mafia. [3][7][8] Falcone grew up at a time when Sicilians did not acknowledge the existence of the Mafia as a coherent organised group; assertions to the contrary by other Italians were often seen as 'attacks from the north'. Sadly, 57 days after Falcone’s death, another leading anti-mafia Prosecutor, Paolo Borsellino was also killed in a Mafia Car bomb hit. [23] Unknown to Falcone the efforts to kill him were suspended while the Maxi trial verdicts went through the appeals process that had often set convicted Mafia members free. Brusca's men carried out test drives, using flashbulbs to simulate detonating the blast on a speeding car, and a concrete structure was specially created and destroyed in an experimental explosion to see if the bomb would be powerful enough. Falcone was assassinated in a car bomb explosion, after the Italian Supreme Court had confirmed the convictions of top Mafia Bosses in the most successful Italian Mob Prosecution of the time dubbed, the ‘Maxi Trial’. Lima was shot dead on 12 March 1992. In recognition of their tireless effort and sacrifice during the anti-mafia trials, they were both awarded the Italian "Medaglia d'oro al valore civile" (Gold medal for civil values). Leoluca Bagarella assisted at the scene during preparations. The council of top bosses headed by Riina reacted by ordering the assassination of Salvatore Lima (on the grounds that he was an ally of Giulio Andreotti), and Falcone. This premise became known as the Buscetta theorem. Rumours impugning his integrity deeply troubled Falcone during this period.
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